Comparative Study of Muscle Hardness during Water-Walking and Land-Walking Using Ultrasound Real-Time Tissue Elastography in Healthy Young People
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Published:2023-02-19
Issue:4
Volume:12
Page:1660
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ISSN:2077-0383
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Container-title:Journal of Clinical Medicine
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JCM
Author:
Tanabe Naoya12, Nishioka Yasuko1, Imashiro Kyosuke12, Hashimoto Hiromi12, Kimura Hiroki12, Taniguchi Yasuhiro12, Nakai Koya12, Umemoto Yasunori1ORCID, Kouda Ken1ORCID, Tajima Fumihiro1, Mikami Yasuo3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan 2. Division of Rehabilitation, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8510, Japan 3. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
Abstract
Compared with land-walking, water-walking is considered to be beneficial as a whole-body exercise because of the characteristics of water (buoyancy, viscosity, hydrostatic pressure, and water temperature). However, there are few reports on the effects of exercise in water on muscles, and there is no standard qualitative assessment method for muscle flexibility. Therefore, we used ultrasound real-time tissue elastography (RTE) to compare muscle hardness after water-walking and land-walking. Participants were 15 healthy young adult males (24.8 ± 2.3 years). The method consisted of land-walking and water-walking for 20 min on separate days. The strain ratio of the rectus femoris (RF) and medial head of gastrocnemius (MHGM) muscles were measured before and immediately after walking using RTE to evaluate muscle hardness. In water-walking, the strain ratio significantly decreased immediately after water-walking, with p < 0.01 for RF and p < 0.05 for MHGM, indicating a significant decrease in muscle hardness after water-walking. On the other hand, land-walking did not produce significant differences in RF and MHGM. Muscle hardness after aerobic exercise, as assessed by RTE, was not changed by land walking but was significantly decreased by water walking. The decrease in muscle hardness induced by water-walking was thought to be caused by the edema reduction effect produced by buoyancy and hydrostatic pressure.
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