Adverse Crosstalk between Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Ferroptosis in Basal Breast Cancer

Abstract

(1) Background: Breast cancer is a frequent heterogeneous disorder diagnosed in women and causes a high number of mortality among this population due to rapid metastasis and disease recurrence. Ferroptosis can inhibit breast cancer cell growth, improve the sensitivity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and inhibit distant metastases, potentially impacting the tumor microenvironment. (2) Methods: Through data mining, the ferroptosis/extracellular matrix remodeling literature text-mining results were integrated into the breast cancer transcriptome cohort, taking into account patients with distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) under adjuvant therapy (anthracyclin + taxanes) with validation in an independent METABRIC cohort, along with the MDA-MB-231 and HCC338 transcriptome functional experiments with ferroptosis activations (GSE173905). (3) Results: Ferroptosis/extracellular matrix remodeling text-mining identified 910 associated genes. Univariate Cox analyses focused on breast cancer (GSE25066) selected 252 individual significant genes, of which 170 were found to have an adverse expression. Functional enrichment of these 170 adverse genes predicted basal breast cancer signatures. Through text-mining, some ferroptosis-significant adverse-selected genes shared citations in the domain of ECM remodeling, such as TNF, IL6, SET, CDKN2A, EGFR, HMGB1, KRAS, MET, LCN2, HIF1A, and TLR4. A molecular score based on the expression of the eleven genes was found predictive of the worst prognosis breast cancer at the univariate level: basal subtype, short DRFS, high-grade values 3 and 4, and estrogen and progesterone receptor negative and nodal stages 2 and 3. This eleven-gene signature was validated as regulated by ferroptosis inductors (erastin and RSL3) in the triple-negative breast cancer cellular model MDA-MB-231. (4) Conclusions: The crosstalk between ECM remodeling-ferroptosis functionalities allowed for defining a molecular score, which has been characterized as an independent adverse parameter in the prognosis of breast cancer patients. The gene signature of this molecular score has been validated to be regulated by erastin/RSL3 ferroptosis activators. This molecular score could be promising to evaluate the ECM-related impact of ferroptosis target therapies in breast cancer.