Whole-Genome Resequencing Analysis of the Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian Camel) Genome Identifies Mutations and Genes Affecting Milk Production Traits
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Published:2024-07-17
Issue:14
Volume:25
Page:7836
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ISSN:1422-0067
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Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Yao Huaibing12ORCID, Pan Zhangyuan3, Ma Wanpeng4, Zhao Zhongkai12, Su Zhanqiang4, Yang Jie12
Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China 2. Xinjiang Camel Industry Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830017, China 3. Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
Abstract
Milk production is an important trait that influences the economic value of camels. However, the genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying milk production in camels have not yet been elucidated. We aimed to identify candidate molecular markers that affect camel milk production. We classified Junggar Bactrian camels (9–10-year-old) as low-yield (<1.96 kg/d) or high-yield (>2.75 kg/d) based on milk production performance. Milk fat (5.16 ± 0.51 g/100 g) and milk protein (3.59 ± 0.22 g/100 g) concentrations were significantly lower in high-yielding camels than those in low-yielding camels (6.21 ± 0.59 g/100 g, and 3.93 ± 0.27 g/100 g, respectively) (p < 0.01). There were no apparent differences in gland tissue morphology between the low- and high-production groups. Whole-genome resequencing of 12 low- and 12 high-yield camels was performed. The results of selection mapping methods, performed using two methods (FST and θπ), showed that 264 single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNPs) overlapped between the two methods, identifying 181 genes. These genes were mainly associated with the regulation of oxytocin, estrogen, ErbB, Wnt, mTOR, PI3K-Akt, growth hormone synthesis/secretion/action, and MAPK signaling pathways. A total of 123 SNPs were selected, based on significantly associated genomic regions and important pathways for SNP genotyping, for verification in 521 additional Bactrian camels. This analysis showed that 13 SNPs were significantly associated with camel milk production yield and 18 SNPs were significantly associated with camel milk composition percentages. Most of these SNPs were located in coding regions of the genome. However, five and two important mutation sites were found in the introns of CSN2 (β-casein) and CSN3 (κ-casein), respectively. Among the candidate genes, NR4A1, ADCY8, PPARG, CSN2, and CSN3 have previously been well studied in dairy livestock. These observations provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying milk production in camels as well as genetic markers for breeding programs aimed at improving milk production.
Funder
Key Technology Research and Development Program in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region National Key Research and Development Projects of China
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