Population Dynamics and Yield Loss Assessment for Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Lentil in Morocco

Abstract

Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) is the major insect pest of lentil in Morocco. We investigated pea aphid mean numbers and yield losses on three lentil varieties at one location during three successive cropping seasons during 2015–2018. The effects of several weather factors on pea aphid population dynamics were investigated. Population density increased in early spring followed by several peaks during March–April and then steeply declined during the late spring. Aphid populations peaked at different times during the three years of the study. In 2016, higher populations occurred during the second and third weeks of April for Abda and Zaria varieties with averages of 27 and 28 aphids/20 twigs, respectively. In 2017, higher populations occurred on the 12th and 13th standard meteorological weeks (SMWs) for Zaria with averages of 24.7 and 27.03 aphids/20 twigs, respectively. In 2018, the population peaked for all varieties at three different times, 11th, 13th, and 17th SMW, with the highest for Zaria being 26.00, 47.41, and 32.33 aphids/20 twigs. Pea aphid population dynamics changed with weather conditions. The number of aphids significantly and positively correlated with maximum temperature, but significantly negatively correlated with relative humidity and wind speed. The minimum temperature and rainfall had non-significant correlations. Pea aphid infestation resulted in losses of total seed weight for all lentil varieties, with the highest avoidable losses for Bakria being 12.51% followed by Zaria with 7.72% and Abda with 4.56%. These losses may justify the development of integrated management options for control of this pest.