Affiliation:
1. College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
2. Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract
Chrysopidae (green lacewings) are a cosmopolitan and species-rich family of Neuroptera, with remarkable significance of biological control against various agricultural and forestry pests. However, the phylogenetic position of Chrysopidae in Neuroptera and the internal relationships within the family remain equivocal among previous studies based on different types of data and sampling. Here we sequenced the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two species of the genus Ankylopteryx in the chrysopine tribe Ankylopterygini for the first time. The characteristics of these mitogenomes were analyzed in comparison with other green lacewing mitogenomes published to date. In the phylogeny herein reconstructed based on mitogenomes, Chrysopinae were recovered as the sister group to Apochrysinae + Nothochrysinae. Within the subfamily of Chrysopinae, Nothancylini were recovered as the sister group to (Leucochrysini + Belonopterygini) + (Ankylopterygini + Chrysopini). The divergence time estimation suggested an Early Cretaceous initial divergence within the extant Chrysopidae. Within Chrysopinae, the four tribes except Nothancylini diverged around mid-Cretaceous.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department
research on the Cultivation of Innovation Ability of Postgraduate Students in Education Depart-ment of Hebei Province
Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System
Project of Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Hebei Provincial Universities
Starting Scientific Research Foundation for the Introduced Talents of Hebei Agricultural University