Innovations in Biosensor Technologies for Healthcare Diagnostics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Applications, Recent Progress, and Future Research Challenges

Author:

Hemdan Mohamed1,Ali Mohamed A.1ORCID,Doghish Ahmed S.23ORCID,Mageed Sherif S. Abdel4ORCID,Elazab Ibrahim M.5,Khalil Magdy M.67,Mabrouk Mostafa8ORCID,Das Diganta B.9ORCID,Amin Alaa S.10

Affiliation:

1. School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt

2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt

3. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Egypt

4. Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt

5. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt

6. Medical Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt

7. School of Applied Health Sciences, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City 11829, Egypt

8. Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Giza 12622, Egypt

9. Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK

10. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13511, Egypt

Abstract

This comprehensive review delves into the forefront of biosensor technologies and their critical roles in disease biomarker detection and therapeutic drug monitoring. It provides an in-depth analysis of various biosensor types and applications, including enzymatic sensors, immunosensors, and DNA sensors, elucidating their mechanisms and specific healthcare applications. The review highlights recent innovations such as integrating nanotechnology, developing wearable devices, and trends in miniaturisation, showcasing their transformative potential in healthcare. In addition, it addresses significant sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility, and data security challenges, proposing strategic solutions to overcome these obstacles. It is envisaged that it will inform strategic decision-making, drive technological innovation, and enhance global healthcare outcomes by synthesising multidisciplinary insights.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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