Influence of Insertion Torques on the Surface Integrity in Different Dental Implants: An Ex Vivo Descriptive Study

Abstract

Background: The primary objective of this ex vivo study was to assess the influence of increasing insertion torques on three types of dental implants and possible alterations of their microgeometry after the application of three different torque intensities. Methods: 27 implants of 3 different implant brands (Groups A, B and C) were placed in cow ribs using 30 Ncm, 45 Ncm and 55 Ncm insertion torques. The implants were subsequently removed using trephine burs, and SEM analysis was carried out in order to detect implant surface and connection changes, as compared to the implant controls. Results: Surface deformations were predominantly observed on the third apical part of the implants. The alterations presented with increasing insertion torques, with 45 Ncm being the threshold value. Prosthetic connections were also compromised. Conclusions: The changes sustained by the implants were proportional to the insertion torque they were subjected to; 45 Ncm and greater insertion torques resulted in more consistent damage, both on the implant surface and the implant connection.