Differences in Consumption Behaviour of Dietary Supplements in Competitive Athletes Depends on Sports Discipline

Abstract

Background: The consumption of dietary supplements (DS) is widespread among the general population and competitive athletes. However, only a few competitive athletes seek information from experts about the effects and use of DS. Furthermore, it is currently unknown whether certain sports have a higher affinity for DS than others. Methods: This study aimed to identify differences between different sports categories and subgroups that may have a very high affinity for DS. For this purpose, competitive athletes were surveyed. The survey included the type of sport, the training frequency, the number of competitions, the consumption behaviour of five DS categories (general health, regeneration promotion, performance enhancement, booster, and weight loss) as well as personal data such as biological sex and age. Subsequently, correlations, configural frequencies (CFA), and multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) were used to identify subgroups with a high affinity of consumption behaviour. Results: A total of 409 questionnaires could be evaluated. It was found that all DS categories except weight loss were related. In addition, it was observed that in sports from the power category and from the endurance category, there was even higher consumption behaviour than in other sports categories. Male power athletes in particular have a higher affinity for consuming DS than other subgroups. Conclusions: This study shows that there is a clear different consumption behaviour depending on the type of sport. Male power athletes in particular are the subgroup with the greatest consumption behaviour and therefore require special education on the effects and use of DS. This subgroup in particular should receive increased attention in counselling on DS to minimise the possible risks of DS use.