Can Plasma Surface Treatment Replace Traditional Wood Modification Methods?

Abstract

Wood modification is an excellent and increasingly used method to expand the application of woody materials. Traditional methods, such as chemical or thermal, have been developed for the targeted improvement of some selected properties, unfortunately typically at the expense of others. These methods generally alter the composition of wood, and thus its mechanical properties, and enhance dimensional stability, water resistance, or decrease its susceptibility to microorganisms. Although conventional methods achieve the desired properties, they require a lot of energy and chemicals, therefore research is increasingly moving towards more environmentally friendly processes. The advantage of modern methods is that in most cases, they only modify the surface and do not affect the structure and mechanical properties of the wood, while reducing the amount of chemicals used. Cold plasma surface treatment is one of the cheapest and easiest technologies with a limited burden on the environment. In this review, we focus on cold plasma treatment, the interaction between plasma and wood compounds, the advantages of plasma treatment compared to traditional methods, and perspectives.