The Modification of Aluminum Oxide Inclusions in Bearing Steel under Different Cleanliness Conditions by Rare Earth Elements

Author:

Wang Weining1,Xia Wenzhi1,Zhou Yun1ORCID,Deng Aijun1,Bao Guangda1,Liao Zhiyou1,Wang Haichuan1

Affiliation:

1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China

Abstract

The impact of rare earth treatment on the chemical morphology evolution of non-metallic inclusions in bearing steel under different initial cleanliness conditions was studied through simulation. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that at an oxygen content of 0.001%, the evolution route of inclusions with increasing Ce content was Al2O3 → CeAl11O18 + CeAlO3 → CeAlO3 + Ce2O2S → Ce2O2S → Ce2O2S + CeS. As the initial oxygen content decreases, the proportion of CeAlO3 decreases, leading to easier conversion of CeAlO3 to Ce2O2S. Vacuum induction furnace experiments demonstrated that with an oxygen content of 0.001%, an increase in Ce content results in a gradual rise in the proportion of inclusions in steel sized 1~2 μm. In contrast, the proportion of inclusions sized 2~5 μm decreases. Consequently, the overall content of inclusions in steel decreases, along with a reduction in both the number density and average size of inclusions. Introducing bearing steel melt with approximately 0.01% Ce rare earth to bearing steel with initial oxygen contents of 0.0005%, 0.001%, and 0.0015% showed an evolution of inclusions from Ce2O2S and CeS to Ce2O3, CeAlO3, etc. The average inclusion size significantly increased from 0.7 μm to 2.16 μm. Morphologically, the transition of inclusions from precipitated to polymerized forms occurred as the initial oxygen content rose. High-temperature laser confocal microscopy experiments demonstrated that inclusions in low cleanliness conditions tend to agglomerate more than those in high cleanliness conditions, contributing to the increase in average size.

Funder

Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF

Publisher

MDPI AG

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3