Adaptive Ascent Control of a Collaborative Object Transportation System Using Two Quadrotors

Abstract

The paper focuses on the issue of collaborative control of a two quadrotor (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle QDR) system. In particular, two quadrotors perform the task of horizontally transporting a long payload along a predefined trajectory. A leader–follower method is used to synchronize the motion of both QDRs. Conventional PD controllers drive the motion of the leader QDR-L to follow a predefined trajectory. To control a follower QDR-F drive, in the case of indoor applications, a Position Feedback Controller approach (PFC) can be used. To control the QDR-F, the PFC system uses the position information of QDR-L and the required accurate tracking cameras. In our solution, outdoor applications are considered, and usage of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is needed. However, GPS errors can adversely affect the system’s stability. The Force Feedback Controller approach (FFC) is therefore implemented to control the QDR-F motion. The FFC system assumes a rigid gripping of payload by both QDRs. The QDR-F collaborative motion is controlled using the feedback contact forces and torques acting on it due to the motion of the QDR-L. For FFC implementation, the principle of admittance control is used. The admittance controller simulates a virtual “mass-spring-damper” system and drives the motion of the QDR-F according to the contact forces. With the FFC control scheme, the follower QDR-F can be controlled without using the QDR-L positional feedback and the GPS. The contribution to the quality of payload transportation is the novelty of the article. In practice, one of the requirements may be to maintain the horizontal position of the payload. In this paper, an original solution is presented to minimize the horizontal position difference of both QDRs. A new procedure of the transfer admittance controller adaptation according to the mass of the transported payload is designed. The adaptive admittance FFC system is implemented in a Matlab-Simulink environment. The effectiveness of its trajectory tracking and horizontal stabilization functions for variations of the payload mass are demonstrated by numerical calculations.