Nutritional Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia in Childhood: From Healthy-Heart Counselling to Life-Saving Diet

Author:

Capra Maria Elena123ORCID,Biasucci Giacomo134ORCID,Banderali Giuseppe5,Pederiva Cristina35ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Pediatric Dyslipidemias, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, University of Parma, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121 Piacenza, Italy

2. Department of Translational Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy

3. Società Italiana di Nutrizione Pediatrica, 20126 Milan, Italy

4. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy

5. Clinical Service for Dyslipidemias, Study and Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Childhood, Pediatrics Unit, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy

Abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia is a lipid disorder with a varying prevalence; it is very common if we consider triglyceride plasma values slightly above the threshold, whereas it is extremely rare if only severely elevated triglyceride levels are considered. In most cases, severe forms of hypertriglyceridemia are caused by genetic mutations in the genes that regulate triglyceride metabolism, thus leading to extreme triglyceride plasma values and acute pancreatitis risk. Secondary forms of hypertriglyceridemia are usually less severe and are mainly associated with weight excess, but they can also be linked to liver, kidney, endocrinologic, or autoimmune diseases or to some class of drugs. Nutritional intervention is the milestone treatment for patients with hypertriglyceridemia and it has to be modulated on the underlying cause and on triglyceride plasma levels. In pediatric patients, nutritional intervention must be tailored according to specific age-related energy, growth and neurodevelopment requests. Nutritional intervention is extremely strict in case of severe hypertriglyceridemia, whereas it is similar to good healthy nutritional habits counselling for mild forms, mainly related to wrong habits and lifestyles, and to secondary causes. The aim of this narrative review is to define different nutritional intervention for various forms of hypertriglyceridemia in children and adolescents.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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