Interaction of Reactive Gases with Platinum Aerosol Particles at Room Temperature: Effects on Morphology and Surface Properties

Abstract

Nanoparticles produced in technical aerosol processes exhibit often dendritic structures, composed of primary particles. Surprisingly, a small but consistent discrepancy was observed between the results of common aggregation models and in situ measurements of structural parameters, such as fractal dimension or mass-mobility exponent. A phenomenon which has received little attention so far is the interaction of agglomerates with admixed gases, which might be responsible for this discrepancy. In this work, we present an analytical series, which underlines the agglomerate morphology depending on the reducing or oxidizing nature of a carrier gas for platinum particles. When hydrogen is added to openly structured particles, as investigated by tandem differential mobility analysis (DMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, Pt particles compact already at room temperature, resulting in an increased fractal dimension. Aerosol Photoemission Spectroscopy (APES) was also able to demonstrate the interaction of a gas with a nanoscaled platinum surface, resulting in a changed sintering behavior for reducing and oxidizing atmospheres in comparison to nitrogen. The main message of this work is about the structural change of particles exposed to a new environment after complete particle formation. We suspect significant implications for the interpretation of agglomerate formation, as many aerosol processes involve reactive gases or slightly contaminated gases in terms of trace amounts of unintended species.