Sustainable Water Use and Public Awareness in Portugal

Author:

Figueiredo Margarida1,Fernandes Ana2,Neves José34ORCID,Vicente Henrique35ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia & CIEP, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal

2. CBIOS, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal

3. Centro Algoritmi/LASI, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Rua da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal

4. IA&Saúde—Unidade de Investigação em Inteligência Artificial e Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Saúde do Norte, CESPU, Rua José António Vidal, 81, 4760-409 Famalicão, Portugal

5. Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia & REQUIMTE/LAQV, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal

Abstract

The degradation of available water quality is a consequence of pollution, environmental degradation, and/or climate change resulting from human activities. Designing strategies to foster the adoption of sustainable behaviors requires an awareness within populations regarding water quality, water availability, and the proper consumption of water. The goal of the present work was to assess the population awareness of sustainable water usage practices. The data collection involved administering a questionnaire to a sample of 1723 participants, encompassing individuals of both genders and aged between 15 and 84 years. The questionnaire includes five specific themes (i.e., water quality, water availability, water resources, water saving, and water reuse). The outcomes indicate that despite a higher awareness of sustainable water usage practices, participants reveal low levels of awareness regarding water reuse. Furthermore, measures of participants’ overall awareness and the potential for improving it are presented. These metrics are crucial in enabling the grouping of participants according to similar characteristics, thereby streamlining the design of targeted interventions.

Funder

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference29 articles.

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2. United Nations (2023). The United Nations World Water Development Report 2023: Partnerships and Cooperation for Water, UNESCO. Available online: https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384655.

3. United Nations General Assembly (2024, May 18). Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; A/RES/70/1. Available online: https://www.refworld.org/legal/resolution/unga/2015/en/111816.

4. World Meteorological Organization (2021). State of Climatic Services—Water, World Meteorological Organization Edition. Available online: https://library.wmo.int/viewer/57630/download?file=1278_en.pdf&type=pdf&navigator=1.

5. A new approach to assessing the water footprint of wine: An Italian case study;Lamastra;Sci. Total Environ.,2013

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