Affiliation:
1. Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Abstract
To investigate the impact of betaine on high-carbohydrate-diet-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) (23.73 ± 0.05 g) were fed with control (NC), betaine (BET), high carbohydrate (HC), and high carbohydrate + betaine (HC + BET) diets for 8 weeks. The results showed that betaine significantly promoted the growth of mandarin fish irrespective of the dietary carbohydrate levels. The HC diet induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by significantly elevated MDA levels. The HC diet significantly stimulated the mRNA levels of genes involved in ER stress (ire1, perk, atf6, xbp1, eif2α, atf4, chop), autophagy (ulk1, becn1, lc3b), and apoptosis (bax). However, betaine mitigated HC-diet-induced oxidative stress by modulating antioxidant enzymes and alleviated ER stress by regulating the mRNA of genes in the PERK-eIF2a-ATF4 pathway. Additionally, betaine significantly reduced the mRNA levels of becn1 and bax, along with the apoptosis rate, indicating a mitigating effect on autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, dietary betaine improved growth, attenuated HC-diet-induced oxidative stress and ER stress, and ultimately alleviated apoptosis in mandarin fish. These findings provide evidence for the use of betaine in aquafeeds to counter disruptive effects due to diets containing high carbohydrate levels.
Funder
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation
Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Subject
Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Physiology
Reference48 articles.
1. Growth, feed utilization and body composition in two size groups of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) fed diets differing in protein and carbohydrate content;Hatlen;Aquaculture,2005
2. Effects of carbohydrate source for maintaining a high C:N ratio and fish driven re-suspension on pond ecology and production in periphyton-based freshwater prawn culture systems;Asaduzzaman;Aquaculture,2010
3. Zhang, Y., Qin, C., Yang, L., Lu, R., Zhao, X., and Nie, G. (2018). A comparative genomics study of carbohydrate/glucose metabolic genes: From fish to mammals. BMC Genom., 19.
4. The positive effects of dietary arginine on juvenile hybrid snakehead (Channa maculate ♀ × Channa argus ♂) fed high-carbohydrate diets: Liver inflammation antioxidant response, and glucose metabolism;Zhao;Aquacult. Rep.,2023
5. Resveratrol inclusion alleviated high-dietary-carbohydrate-induced glycogen deposition and immune response of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides;Liu;Br. J. Nutr.,2022