A Glimpse into the Genetic Heritage of the Olive Tree in Malta

Author:

Miazzi Monica Marilena1ORCID,Pasqualone Antonella1ORCID,Zammit-Mangion Marion2,Savoia Michele Antonio1,Fanelli Valentina1ORCID,Procino Silvia13ORCID,Gadaleta Susanna1ORCID,Aurelio Francesco Luigi1,Montemurro Cinzia145ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences (DiSSPA), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy

2. Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta

3. Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy

4. SINAGRI S.r.l.—Spin Off of University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy

5. Support Unit Bari, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 70125 Bari, Italy

Abstract

The genetic diversity of the ancient autochthonous olive trees on the Maltese islands and the relationship with the wild forms growing in marginal areas of the island (57 samples), as well as with the most widespread cultivars in the Mediterranean region (150 references), were investigated by genetic analysis with 10 SSR markers. The analysis revealed a high genetic diversity of Maltese germplasm, totaling 84 alleles and a Shannon information index (I) of 1.08. All samples from the upper and the lower part of the crown of the Bidni trees belonged to the same genotype, suggesting that there was no secondary top-grafting of the branches. The Bidni trees showed close relationships with the local wild germplasm, suggesting that the oleaster population played a role in the selection of the Bidni variety. Genetic similarities were also found between Maltese cultivars and several Italian varieties including accessions putatively resistant to the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which has recently emerged in the Apulia region (Italy) and has caused severe epidemics on olive trees over the last decade.

Funder

European Union Next-Generation EU

Publisher

MDPI AG

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