Hydroxytyrosol and Arginine as Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunostimulant Dietary Supplements for COVID-19 and Long COVID
Author:
Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel1ORCID, Curieses Andrés Celia María2, Andrés Juan Celia3, Plou Francisco J.4ORCID, Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo5
Affiliation:
1. Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain 2. Hospital Clínico Universitario of Valladolid, Avenida de Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain 3. Cinquima Institute and Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Valladolid University, Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain 4. Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, 28049 Madrid, Spain 5. Sistemas de Biotecnología y Recursos Naturales, 47625 Valladolid, Spain
Abstract
Phytochemicals from plant extracts are becoming increasingly popular in the world of food science and technology because they have positive effects on human health. In particular, several bioactive foods and dietary supplements are being investigated as potential treatments for chronic COVID. Hydroxytyrosol (HXT) is a natural antioxidant, found in olive oil, with antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties that has been consumed by humans for centuries without reported adverse effects. Its use was approved by the European Food Safety Authority as a protective agent for the cardiovascular system. Similarly, arginine is a natural amino acid with anti-inflammatory properties that can modulate the activity of immune cells, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. The properties of both substances may be particularly beneficial in the context of COVID-19 and long COVID, which are characterised by inflammation and oxidative stress. While l-arginine promotes the formation of •NO, HXT prevents oxidative stress and inflammation in infected cells. This combination could prevent the formation of harmful peroxynitrite, a potent pro-inflammatory substance implicated in pneumonia and COVID-19-associated organ dysfunction, as well as reduce inflammation, improve immune function, protect against free radical damage and prevent blood vessel injury. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits of HXT and arginine in the context of COVID-19.
Funder
Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
Reference121 articles.
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