Two-Step Upcycling Process of Lignocellulose into Edible Bacterial Nanocellulose with Black Raspberry Extract as an Active Ingredient
Author:
Ponjavic Marijana1ORCID, Filipovic Vuk1, Topakas Evangelos2ORCID, Karnaouri Anthi3ORCID, Zivkovic Jelena4ORCID, Krgovic Nemanja4, Mudric Jelena4, Savikin Katarina4, Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 2. Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15772 Athens, Greece 3. Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece 4. Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
(1) Background: Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has gained in popularity over the years due to its outstanding properties such as renewability, biocompatibility, and bioavailability, and its use as an eco-friendly material of the future for replacing petrochemical products. (2) Methods: This research refers to the utilization of lignocellulose coming from wood waste via enzymatic hydrolysis to produce biopolymer BNC with an accumulation rate of 0.09 mg/mL/day. Besides its significant contribution to the sustainability, circularity, and valorization of biomass products, the obtained BNC was functionalized through the adsorption of black raspberry extract (BR) by simple soaking. (3) Results: BR contained 77.25 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g of total phenolics and 27.42 ± 0.32 mg CGE/g of total anthocyanins. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of BR was evaluated by DPPH (60.51 ± 0.18 µg/mL) and FRAP (1.66 ± 0.03 mmol Fe2+/g) and using a standard disc diffusion assay, respectively. The successful synthesis and interactions between BNC and BR were confirmed by FTIR analysis, while the morphology of the new nutrient-enriched material was investigated by SEM analysis. Moreover, the in vitro release kinetics of a main active compound (cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside) was tested in different release media. (4) Conclusions: The upcycling process of lignocellulose into enriched BNC has been demonstrated. All findings emphasize the potential of BNC–BR as a sustainable food industry material.
Funder
The Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, IDEJE Ministry of Education, Science, and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia BioECOLogics
Subject
Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science
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