Current Indications and Future Direction in Heat Therapy for Musculoskeletal Pain: A Narrative Review

Author:

Zanoli Gustavo1,Albarova-Corral Isabel2ORCID,Ancona Michele3,Grattagliano Ignazio3ORCID,Hotfiel Thilo4,Iolascon Giovanni5,Krüger Karsten6,Rodríguez Maruri Guillermo7

Affiliation:

1. Orthopedic Unit, Casa di Cura Santa Maria Maddalena Rovigo, 45030 Occhiobello, Italy

2. Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

3. Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, 50142 Florence, Italy

4. Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabrück (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany

5. Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy

6. Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany

7. Primary Care Musculoskeletal Unit, Area V, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, SESPA, 33203 Gijón, Spain

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a non-negligible multifaceted condition affecting more than 30% of the global population. Superficial heat therapy (HT), through increasing tissue temperatures, plays a role in increasing local metabolism and function and relieving pain. Knee (KP) and sports pain represent two relevant fields of superficial HT application. Methods: In the present paper, a panel of experts performed a narrative review of the literature regarding the role of superficial HT in the management of knee and sports activity-related pain. Results: According to the reviewed literature, HT represents a therapeutic option in the management of musculoskeletal pain due to three main effects: pain relief, promotion of healing, and return to normal function and activity. Moreover, HT plays a role in sport activities both before and after exercise. Before performing sports, HT helps in preparing muscles for performance. After performing sports, it is capable to promote recovery and healing pathways. Combining and sequencing superficial heat and cold therapy represent an interesting topic of study. Overall, the application of heat wraps for superficial HT can be considered safe. Conclusions: HT has been shown to be a potentially beneficial and safe option in the management of several conditions including KP and sports. The key in the application of superficial HT is a multimodal and multidisciplinary approach.

Funder

Angelini

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference79 articles.

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3. The Global Burden of Musculoskeletal Pain—Where to From Here?;Blyth;Am. J. Public Health,2019

4. Management of Musculoskeletal Pain: An Update with Emphasis on Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain;Nalamasu;Pain. Ther.,2021

5. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee;Kolasinski;Arthritis Rheumatol.,2020

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