Comparison of Different Deodorizing Treatments on the Flavor of Paddy Field Carp, Analyzed by the E-Nose, E-Tongue and Gas Chromatography–Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Author:

Fu Chenying12ORCID,Zou Yiming12,Zhang Yixiang12,Liao Mengxiang3,Chen Duhuang3,Guo Zebin12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China

2. College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

3. Fujian Provincial Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Fuzhou 350002, China

Abstract

Changes in the flavor and taste profiles of Paddy Field Carp after deodorization with perilla juice (PJ), cooking wine (CW) and a mixture of the two (PJ-CW) were analyzed using the E-nose, E-tongue, gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), free amino acid analysis and taste nucleotide analysis. The E-nose and E-tongue revealed that deodorization reduced the content of sulfur-containing compounds, enhanced umami, bitterness, sourness and astringency, and decreased saltiness. PCA and OPLS-DA analysis successfully distinguished between the effects of the treatments. Free amino acids increased from 8777.67 to 11,125.98 mg/100 g and umami amino acids increased from 128.24 to 150.37 mg/100 g after PJ-CW deodorization (p < 0.05). Equivalent umami concentration (EUC) comparisons showed that PJ-CW treatment produced the greatest synergistic umami enhancement (to 3.15 g MSG equiv./100 g). GC-IMS detected 52 aroma compounds; PJ treatment produced the greatest diversity of aldehydes, including heptanal, nonanal, hexanal, 3-methylbutanal, (E)-2-heptenal and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal. The total content of volatile flavor compounds was the highest after PJ-CW treatment, and the content of many characteristic flavor substances (3-hydroxy-2-butanone, benzaldehyde, 5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone) increased. These findings provided a theoretical basis for the further development of deodorization methods for Paddy Field Carp.

Funder

Fujian Province Marine Service and Fisheries High Quality Development Special Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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