Factors Influencing the Roles of Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (ENGOs) on Environmental Bargaining in Yunnan, China

Abstract

Environmental pollution has become a serious problem in China due to the development of industrialization and urbanization since the reform policies and opening of the economy. Nowadays, ENGOs function as a third party for environmental protection through various awareness and bargaining activities. This study aims to analyze the role of ENGOs in environmental bargaining (EB) and the influencing factors by combining the EB theories. A structural equation model of ENGOs participation in EB was established to compare the role of ENGOs in bargaining the “Kunming PX incident” and the “Nujiang dam incident” in Yunnan, China. The findings show that complex powers and interests play a vital role during EB. The relationship network, media, and human resources are among the most significant factors influencing the role of ENGO out of all the other factors such as funding, openness, knowledge, scale and experience. The strength of ENGO relationship network is crucial for solving environmental problems. This study also suggests that in order for ENGOs to effectively engage in EB, they should be placed in the proper context in the negotiating process. It is necessary to set up efficient public involvement platforms and processes for effective EB.