Gut Microbiota Enterotypes Mediate the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Colorectal Neoplasm Risk in a Chinese Population

Author:

Cai Jia-An1,Zhang Yong-Zhen23,Yu En-Da4,Ding Wei-Qun1,Jiang Qing-Wu5,Cai Quan-Cai26,Zhong Liang1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China

2. Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China

3. Department of Gastroenterology, 928 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Force, Haikou 570100, China

4. Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China

5. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

6. National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200433, China

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is influenced by dietary patterns and gut microbiota enterotypes. However, the interaction between these factors remains unclear. This study examines this relationship, hypothesizing that different diets may affect colorectal tumor risk in individuals with varied gut microbiota enterotypes. We conducted a case-control study involving 410 Han Chinese individuals, using exploratory structural equation modeling to identify two dietary patterns, and a Dirichlet multinomial mixture model to classify 250 colorectal neoplasm cases into three gut microbiota enterotypes. We assessed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of each tumor subtype using logistic regression analysis. We found that a healthy diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, milk, and yogurt, lowers CRC risk, particularly in individuals with type I (dominated by Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium) and type II (dominated by Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium) gut microbiota enterotypes, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.89) and 0.42 (95% CI = 0.29–0.62), respectively. Fruit consumption was the main contributor to this protective effect. No association was found between a healthy dietary pattern and colorectal adenoma risk or between a high-fat diet and colorectal neoplasm risk. Different CRC subtypes associated with gut microbiota enterotypes displayed unique microbial compositions and functions. Our study suggests that specific gut microbiota enterotypes can modulate the effects of diet on CRC risk, offering new perspectives on the relationship between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal neoplasm risk.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program (Qingfeng Scholars Program) of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University

Xiyuan Program from Fudan University’s Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program

Shanghai Undergraduate Innovation Training Program

Youth Foundation Project of Hainan Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

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