Investigation of Volumic Permanent-Magnet Eddy-Current Losses in Multi-Phase Synchronous Machines from Hybrid Multi-Layer Model

Abstract

This paper investigates the permanent-magnet (PM) eddy-current losses in multi-phase PM synchronous machines (PMSM) with concentric winding and surface-mounted PMs. A hybrid multi-layer model, combining a two-dimensional (2-D) generic magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) with a 2-D analytical model based on the Maxwell–Fourier method (i.e., the formal resolution of Maxwell’s equations by using the separation of variables method and the Fourier’s series), performs the eddy-current loss calculations. First, the magnetic flux density was obtained from the 2-D generic MEC and then subjected to the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The semi-analytical model includes the automatic mesh of static/moving zones, the saturation effect and zones connection in accordance with rotor motion based on a new approach called “Air-gap sliding line technic”. The results of the hybrid multi-layer model were compared with those obtained by three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear finite-element analysis (FEA). The PM eddy-current losses were estimated on different paths for different segmentations as follow: (i) one segment (no segmentation), (ii) five axial segments, and (iii) two circumferential segments, where the non-uniformity loss distribution is shown. The top of PMs presents a higher quantity of losses compared to the bottom.