The Optimization of Nickel-Rich Cathode-Material Production on a Pilot Plant Scale

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) remain the cornerstone of EV technology due to their exceptional energy density. The selection of cathode materials is a decisive factor in LIB technology, profoundly influencing performance, energy density, and lifespan. Among these materials, nickel-rich NCM cathodes have gained significant attention due to their high specific capacity and cost-effectiveness, making them a preferred choice for EV energy storage. However, the transition from the laboratory-scale to industrial-scale production of NMC-811 cathode material presents challenges, particularly in optimizing the oxidation process of Ni2+ ions. This paper addresses the challenges of transitioning NMC-811 cathode material production from a lab scale to a pilot scale, with its high nickel content requiring specialized oxidation processes. The important point emphasized in this transition process is how to produce cathode materials on a pilot scale, but show results equivalent to the laboratory scale. Several optimization variations are carried out, namely, the optimization of the heating rate and the calcination and sintering temperatures, as well as oxygen variations. These two aspects are important for large-scale production. This paper discusses strategies for successful pilot-scale production, laying the foundation for industrial-scale manufacturing. Additionally, NMC-811 cathodes are incorporated into 18650 cylindrical cells, advancing the adoption of high-performance cathode materials.