Wearable Biosensor with Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymer Structure to Detect Lentivirus in Aerosol

Author:

Batra Jaskirat Singh1,Chi Ting-Yen1ORCID,Huang Mo-Fan23ORCID,Zhu Dandan2,Chen Zheyuan4,Lee Dung-Fang23ORCID,Kameoka Jun45ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA

2. Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA

3. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston TX 77030, USA

4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

5. Graduate School of Information, Production and System Research, Waseda University, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan

Abstract

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has increased pressure to develop low-cost, compact, user-friendly, and ubiquitous virus sensors for monitoring infection outbreaks in communities and preventing economic damage resulting from city lockdowns. As proof of concept, we developed a wearable paper-based virus sensor based on a molecular imprinting technique, using a conductive polyaniline (PANI) polymer to detect the lentivirus as a test sample. This sensor detected the lentivirus with a 4181 TU/mL detection limit in liquid and 0.33% to 2.90% detection efficiency in aerosols at distances ranging from 30 cm to 60 cm. For fabrication, a mixture of a PANI monomer solution and virus were polymerized together to form a conductive PANI sensing element on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) paper substrate. The sensing element exhibited formation of virus recognition sites after the removal of the virus via ultrasound sonication. A dry measurement technique was established that showed aerosol virus detection by the molecularly imprinted sensors within 1.5 h of virus spraying. This was based on the mechanism via which dispensing virus droplets on the PANI sensing element induced hybridization of the virus and molecularly imprinted virus recognition templates in PANI, influencing the conductivity of the PANI film upon drying. Interestingly, the paper-based virus sensor was easily integrated with a wearable face mask for the detection of viruses in aerosols. Since the paper sensor with molecular imprinting of virus recognition sites showed excellent stability in dry conditions for long periods of time, unlike biological reagents, this wearable biosensor will offer an alternative approach to monitoring virus infections in communities.

Funder

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology of the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine,Analytical Chemistry,Biotechnology,Instrumentation,Biomedical Engineering,Engineering (miscellaneous)

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