Liquidity Risk Drivers and Bank Business Models

Abstract

This paper examines the bank liquidity risk while using a maturity mismatch indicator of loans and deposits (LTDm) during a specific period. Core banking activities that are based on the process of maturity transformation are the most exposed to liquidity risk. The financial crisis in 2007–2009 highlighted the importance of liquidity to the functioning of both the financial markets and the banking sector. We investigate how characteristics of a bank, such as size, capital, and business model, are related to liquidity risk, while using a sample of European banks in the period after the financial crisis, from 2011 to 2017. While employing a generalized method of moment two-step estimator, we find that the banking size increases the liquidity risk, whereas capital is not an effective deterrent. Moreover, our findings reveal that, for savings banks, income diversification raises the liquidity risk while investment banks reliant on non-deposit funding decrease the exposure to liquidity risk.