Water Performance Indicators and Benchmarks for Dairy Production Systems-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Water Performance Indicators and Benchmarks for Dairy Production Systems

Published:2024-01-19 Issue:2 Volume:16 Page:330
ISSN:2073-4441
Container-title:Water
language:en
Short-container-title:Water

Author:

Palhares Julio Cesar Pascale¹^ORCID,Matarim Danielle Leal²,de Sousa Rafael Vieira²^ORCID,Martello Luciane Silva²

Affiliation:

1. Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Pecuaria Sudeste, São Carlos 13560-970, Brazil

2. Department of Biosystems Engineering, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 05338-110, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of the study is to discern benchmarks for the indicators L water cow−1 day−1 and L water kg milk−1 day−1 per type of production system and season. A total of 876 commercial dairy farms underwent comprehensive water consumption monitoring from January 2021 to December 2022. The monitored water consumptions were animal drinking water and water usage for cleaning. Confined systems exhibited the highest average for animal drinking and cleaning, 87.5 L water cow−1 day−1 and 84.4 L water cow−1 day−1, respectively. Semi-confined systems presented the lowest average for animal drinking, 54.4 L water cow−1 day−1. Pasture systems showed the lowest average for cleaning, 45.2 L water cow−1 day−1. The benchmarks proposed in this study can serve as the first references for animal drinking and milking parlor washing consumption for production systems in tropical conditions.

Funder

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

Publisher

MDPI AG

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/2/330/pdf

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