Water Resources Depletion and Its Consequences on Agricultural Activities in Najran Valley

Abstract

This study focuses on highlighting the major effects on the agricultural activities caused by the reduction in water resources in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Since the last decade, there has been a sharp decrease in the availability of water in the area as reported by many researchers due to urban sprawl, excessive groundwater extraction causing a decrease in land fertility, and destruction of soil structure. The water resources of the area and the agricultural heritage is endangered, and also the environmental, economic, and social impact of these actions can be severe if such activities continue in the future. The purpose of the study is to obtain detailed information regarding the major causes of water depletion in the Najran Valley as per the opinion of the residents. A survey questionnaire was designed with a high level of flexibility, covering the key issues including causes of groundwater depletion, factors that affected agricultural activities and irrigation practices and the environmental impact of the Najran Dam, and the risks of floods related to it. An overwhelming response was received from the people of the area. Significant results were obtained from the analysis, and the major effects and causes were highlighted as conclusions. The study shall help the city planners and policymakers in identifying the major causes of water depletion and the actual needs of the residents in order to manage the water resources of the area efficiently. Understanding the public opinion on the issues discussed in this study shall provide a base to develop management options for water resources problems suited to local contexts that fits the need of the community.