The Effect of Noise Exposure on High-Frequency Hearing Loss among Chinese Workers: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the burden of high frequency noise-induced hearing loss (HFNIHL) in Chinese workers exposed to hazardous noise through meta-analysis, to evaluate the major risk factors of HFNIHL in Chinese workers, and to provide evidence for reducing the risk of HFNIHL. We searched for relevant studies on HFNIHL published between January 1990 and June 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to screen the literature, and the quality of the studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata 17.0. A total of 39 studies involving 50,526 workers in different industries were included in this study. The incidence of HFNIHL in the noise-exposed group (36.6%) was higher than that in the control group (12.5%), with a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 5.16 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 4.10–6.49. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of this meta-analysis were stable. Funnel plots and Egger’s test showed no publication bias. Subgroup analysis showed heterogeneity among the results of different studies, which was related to gender, publication year, age, length of work, and type of industry. The dose–response analysis showed that cumulative noise exposure (CNE) and length of work were the main risk factors for HFNIHL. This study suggests that the detection rate of HFNIHL is high in Chinese workers, the risk of HFNIHL increases rapidly when CNE reaches 90 dB(A)·year, and the first 15 years of exposure to noise is a period of increasing risk. Therefore, reasonable measures for preventing hearing loss should be taken to reduce the risk of occupational HFNIHL.