ChatGPT and the Future of Digital Health: A Study on Healthcare Workers’ Perceptions and Expectations

Author:

Temsah Mohamad-Hani123ORCID,Aljamaan Fadi14ORCID,Malki Khalid H.5ORCID,Alhasan Khalid126ORCID,Altamimi Ibraheem1ORCID,Aljarbou Razan2,Bazuhair Faisal2,Alsubaihin Abdulmajeed12,Abdulmajeed Naif27,Alshahrani Fatimah S.18,Temsah Reem9,Alshahrani Turki2,Al-Eyadhy Lama1,Alkhateeb Serin Mohammed10,Saddik Basema111213ORCID,Halwani Rabih1114,Jamal Amr1315ORCID,Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A.161718ORCID,Al-Eyadhy Ayman12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia

2. Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia

3. Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia

4. Critical Care Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia

5. Research Chair of Voice, Swallowing, and Communication Disorders, ENT Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia

6. Solid Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia

7. Pediatric Nephrology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia

8. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

9. College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia

10. College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan

11. Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates

12. Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates

13. School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

14. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates

15. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia

16. Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia

17. Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA

18. Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia towards ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot, within the first three months after its launch. We also aimed to identify potential barriers to AI Chatbot adoption among healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1057 HCWs in Saudi Arabia, distributed electronically via social media channels from 21 February to 6 March 2023. The survey evaluated HCWs’ familiarity with ChatGPT-3.5, their satisfaction, intended future use, and perceived usefulness in healthcare practice. Of the respondents, 18.4% had used ChatGPT for healthcare purposes, while 84.1% of non-users expressed interest in utilizing AI Chatbots in the future. Most participants (75.1%) were comfortable with incorporating ChatGPT into their healthcare practice. HCWs perceived the Chatbot to be useful in various aspects of healthcare, such as medical decision-making (39.5%), patient and family support (44.7%), medical literature appraisal (48.5%), and medical research assistance (65.9%). A majority (76.7%) believed ChatGPT could positively impact the future of healthcare systems. Nevertheless, concerns about credibility and the source of information provided by AI Chatbots (46.9%) were identified as the main barriers. Although HCWs recognize ChatGPT as a valuable addition to digital health in the early stages of adoption, addressing concerns regarding accuracy, reliability, and medicolegal implications is crucial. Therefore, due to their unreliability, the current forms of ChatGPT and other Chatbots should not be used for diagnostic or treatment purposes without human expert oversight. Ensuring the trustworthiness and dependability of AI Chatbots is essential for successful implementation in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on evaluating the clinical outcomes of ChatGPT and benchmarking its performance against other AI Chatbots.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health Information Management,Health Informatics,Health Policy,Leadership and Management

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