Blast Hole Pressure Measurement and a Full-Scale Blasting Experiment in Hard Rock Quarry Mine Using Shock-Reactive Stemming Materials

Abstract

By increasing the effectiveness of the energy generated by the explosive charge inserted into a blast hole, stemming increases rock fragmentation. Missing or improper stemming, which can lead to the detonation gas escaping from the blast hole in advance, results not only in the waste of explosive energy and poor fragmentation but also in environmental problems, such as ground vibration, noise, flying rocks, back breaks, and air blasts. In this study, a stemming material based on a shear thickening fluid (STF) that reacts to dynamic pressure was developed. Two blasting experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the STF-based stemming material. In the first experiment, the pressure inside the blast hole was directly measured based on the application of the stemming material. In the second experiment, full-scale bench blasting was performed, and the blasting results of sand stemming and the STF-based stemming cases were compared. The measurement results of the pressure in the blast hole showed that when the STF-based stemming material was applied, the pressure at the top of the blast hole was lower than in the sand stemming case, and the stemming ejection was also lower. Full-scale bench blasting was conducted to compare the two types of stemming materials by evaluating the size of the rock fragments using image processing. The results of the two blasting experiments helped to verify that the blockage performance of the STF-based stemming material in the blast hole was superior to that of the sand stemming material.