Fish Farming Techniques: Current Situation and Trends

Abstract

World aquaculture is increasingly diversified and intensive, due to the use of new technologies, having grown a lot in recent decades and contributed significantly to improving food security and reducing poverty in the world, with fish farming being a promising activity for the production of protein with high nutritional value. The large aquaculture companies that recognize the potential of this important modality have invested in the study and production of various productive segments of the most diverse species of fish. This review article aims to provide information on the world panorama of marine fish farming, with the main systems and production stages of the most important organisms with commercial potential, aiming to achieve a highly sustainable production, with high nutritional content and benefits for human health. The production of live feed in the larval stage should be highlighted, in order to optimize survival and weight gain. In addition, trends in the cultivation of estuarine and saltwater fish will be detailed in this review, such as the use of biotechnology and technological innovations, cultivations integration, and biosecurity. Thus, innovative methods to optimize the farming system need to be more ecosustainable, reducing the negative impacts on the environmental level.