Contemporary Review of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Interventions for Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most common form of valvular heart disease in the United States, and there are established guidelines for indications for requiring mitral valve surgeries. However, there is an unmet clinical need for a subset of high-risk MR patients, especially those with advanced age, heart failure and/or secondary MR. Following the successes of transcatheter aortic valve replacements, significant advances have occurred over the last decade in transcatheter mitral valve interventions in order to manage these patients in both clinical practice and trials. The three main types of these interventions include a transcatheter edge-to-edge repair, percutaneous mitral annuloplasty (both direct and indirect) and transcatheter mitral valve replacement (including when applied to a prior prosthetic valve, annuloplasty ring and mitral annuloplasty ring). This review aims to discuss the contemporary techniques, evidence, indications, multimodality imaging evaluations and outcomes of the various transcatheter mitral valve interventions.