Proficiency Barrier in Track and Field: Adaptation and Generalization Processes

Author:

Ribeiro M. Teresa S.12,Conceição Filipe2ORCID,Pacheco Matheus M.23ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal

2. Center for Investigation, Formation, Innovation and Intervention in Sports, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal

3. GEDEM, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rondônia, Porto Velho 78900-000, Brazil

Abstract

The literature on motor development and training assumes a hierarchy for learning skills—learning the “fundamentals”—that has yet to be empirically demonstrated. The present study addressed this issue by verifying (1) whether this strong hierarchy (i.e., the proficiency barrier) holds between three fundamental skills and three sport skills and (2) considering different transfer processes (generalization/adaptation) that would occur as a result of the existence of this strong hierarchy. Twenty-seven children/adolescents participated in performing the countermovement jump, standing long jump, leap, high jump, long jump, and hurdle transposition. We identified the proficiency barrier in two pairs of tasks (between the countermovement jump and high jump and between the standing long jump and long jump). Nonetheless, the transfer processes were not related to the proficiency barrier. We conclude that the proposed learning hierarchy holds for some tasks. The underlying reason for this is still unknown.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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