Design of Three Electric Vehicle Charging Tariff Systems to Improve Photovoltaic Self-Consumption

Author:

Etxegarai Garazi12ORCID,Camblong Haritza13ORCID,Ezeiza Aitzol1ORCID,Lie Tek Tjing3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Systems Engineering & Control, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Europa Plaza 1, E-20018 Donostia, Spain

2. ESTIA Institute of Technology, University of Bordeaux, 64210 Bidart, France

3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging as one of the pillars for achieving climate neutrality. They represent both a threat and an opportunity for the operation of the network. Used as flexible loads, they can favor the self-consumption of photovoltaic (PV) energy. This paper presents three EV charging tariff systems (TSs) based on the self-consumption of excess PV energy. The TS objectives are to increase the self-consumption rate (SCR) and thus indirectly decrease the charging cost of the EV users. Two of the proposed TSs correspond to an indirect control of EV charging. The third TS is a hybrid system where the charging power is controlled. The TS is designed using a series of rules that consider the momentary PV surplus and the charging power of each EV. The influence of the TS is simulated by considering real data from a PV collective self-consumption project in the Basque Country (Spain). The TS simulations performed with 6 months of data show a 13.1% increase in the SCR when applying the third TS, reaching an average of 93.09% for the SCR. In addition, the cost of EV charging is reduced by 25%.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference28 articles.

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2. European Parliament (2023, November 17). EU Ban on the Sale of New Petrol and Diesel Cars from 2035 Explained. Available online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/economy/20221019STO44572/eu-ban-on-sale-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2035-explained.

3. European Parliament (2023, November 17). Reducing Car Emissions: New CO2 Targets for Cars and Vans Explained. Available online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20180920STO14027/reducing-car-emissions-new-co2-targets-for-cars-and-vans-explained.

4. IEA, International Energy Agency (2023, November 17). Global EV Outlook 2023. Available online: https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023.

5. European Parliament (2023, November 17). Car-Recharging Stations Should Be Available Every 60 km, Say MEPs. Available online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221014IPR43206/car-recharging-stations-should-be-available-every-60-km-say-meps.

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