The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila) against the Larvae of Pieris brassicae
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Published:2023-08-01
Issue:8
Volume:9
Page:874
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ISSN:2311-7524
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Container-title:Horticulturae
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Horticulturae
Author:
Tomar Preety1ORCID, Thakur Neelam1ORCID, Sidhu Avtar Kaur2, Laskar Boni Amin2, Hashem Abeer3, Avila-Quezada Graciela Dolores4ORCID, Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi5ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Zoology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh 173101, India 2. Zoological Survey of India, High Altitude Regional Center (HARC)-Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173212, India 3. Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 4. Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31350, Chihuahua, Mexico 5. Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Abstract
The cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is an oligophagous and invasive insect pest of various economically important cole crops. Recently, there have been reports about an increase in the incidence and damaging activities of cabbage butterflies, signifying that the existing control methods fail to meet the grower’s expectations. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their endosymbiotic bacteria have immense potential for the control of a wide range of insect pests. In this investigation, the EPN species Steinernema carpocapsae and its associated bacterial species, Xenorhabdus nematophila, were isolated and identified through morphological and molecular techniques. The laboratory bioassay experiment was performed using S. carpocapsae and X. nematophila against the 3rd instar larvae of P. brassicae (25 ± 1 °C; RH = 60%). The efficacy of EPN suspension (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 IJs/mL) and bacterial suspension (1 × 104, 2 × 104, 3 × 104, 4 × 104, and 5 × 104 CFU/mL) via contact and oral routes showed significant mortality among the larvae. Surprisingly, 100% insect mortality within 48 h was recorded in the bacterial inoculum 5 × 104 CFU/mL. However, in the case of EPNs (S. carpocapsae), 150 IJs/mL caused the highest, 92%, larval mortality rate after 96 h. The results signify that both indigenous EPNs and their associated bacteria can provide efficient control against P. brassicae larvae and could effectively contribute to IPM programs. However, further analyses are required to authenticate their effectiveness in field conditions.
Funder
King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Subject
Horticulture,Plant Science
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