Nitrogen Interactions Cause Soil Degradation in Greenhouses: Their Relationship to Soil Preservation in China

Abstract

Proper greenhouse fertilization is crucial for establishing high-quality yields, particularly as food demand grows. In this review, the effect of fertilizers, specifically nitrogen, on greenhouses and degradation caused by nitrogen interactions are critically evaluated based on a literature analysis. Nitrogen (N) fertilizers, which represent reactive or biologically accessible nitrogen in soil, are currently used in agricultural systems. Soil, water, and air are endangered by reactive nitrogen pollution. Increasing food demand causes a rise in N fertilizer use, which harms the environment and living organisms. In developing countries, more N is used per capita than in underdeveloped countries. Greenhouse agriculture accounts for 3.6% of total agricultural production. It was revealed that greenhouses in China often get 13–17 times as much nitrogen fertilizer as traditional farming. N was overused abundantly throughout the year, which led to soil acidity, nutritional imbalance, and secondary salinization. Studies on soil salinization and secondary salinization in China date back 70 years. This review attempts to draw attention to the soil damage in greenhouses caused by excessive nitrogen. Nitrate leaching and soil acidity received special attention in this review. Numerous eco-friendly techniques for avoiding soil degradation brought on by the execessive use of fertilizer are also discussed.