1. Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria
2. Center for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Yaoundé P.O. Box 13591, Cameroon
3. Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
4. Center of Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano PMB 3011, Nigeria