Affiliation:
1. School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
2. Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, ranging from 30 to 150 nm in diameter, that mediate intercellular transfer of various biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites. They modulate the functions of recipient cells and participate in diverse physiological and pathological processes, such as immune responses, cell–cell communication, carcinogenesis, and viral infection. Stem cells (SCs) are pluripotent or multipotent cells that can differentiate into various cell types. SCs can also secrete exosomes, which exhibit remarkable therapeutic potential for various diseases, especially in the field of regenerative medicine. For example, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contain proteins, lipids, and miRNAs that can ameliorate endocrine disorders, such as diabetes and cancer. Exosomes from SCs (sc-exos) may offer similar advantages as SCs, but with reduced risks and challenges. Sc-exos have lower tumorigenicity, immunogenicity, and infectivity. They can also deliver drugs more efficiently and penetrate deeper into tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in sc-exos and their therapeutic applications in various diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. We also elucidate how the biological effects of sc-exos depend on their molecular composition. We also address the current challenges and future directions of using sc-exos.
Reference223 articles.
1. Stem cells: Past, present, and future;Zakrzewski;Stem Cell Res. Ther.,2019
2. Emergence of the Stem Cell Secretome in Regenerative Engineering;Daneshmandi;Trends Biotechnol.,2020
3. Exosomes: Small vesicles with big roles in cancer, vaccine development, and therapeutics;Thakur;Bioact. Mater.,2022
4. Exosome mediated communication within the tumor microenvironment;Milane;J. Control. Release,2015
5. Exosomes in cancer development, metastasis, and immunity;Zhang;Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer,2019
Cited by
7 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献