Antioxidant Enzymes in Cancer Cells: Their Role in Photodynamic Therapy Resistance and Potential as Targets for Improved Treatment Outcomes

Author:

Udomsak Wachirawit1ORCID,Kucinska Malgorzata1ORCID,Pospieszna Julia1,Dams-Kozlowska Hanna23,Chatuphonprasert Waranya4ORCID,Murias Marek15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul Rokietnicka 3, 60-608 Poznan, Poland

2. Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, ul. Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland

3. Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, ul.Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland

4. Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand

5. Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a selective tumor treatment that consists of a photosensitive compound—a photosensitizer (PS), oxygen, and visible light. Although each component has no cytotoxic properties, their simultaneous use initiates photodynamic reactions (PDRs) and sequentially generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or free radicals as cytotoxic mediators, leading to PDT-induced cell death. Nevertheless, tumor cells develop various cytoprotective mechanisms against PDT, particularly the adaptive mechanism of antioxidant status. This review integrates an in-depth analysis of the cytoprotective mechanism of detoxifying ROS enzymes that interfere with PDT-induced cell death, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione redox cycle, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Furthermore, this review includes the use of antioxidant enzymes inhibitors as a strategy in order to diminish the antioxidant activities of tumor cells and to improve the effectiveness of PDT. Conclusively, PDT is an effective tumor treatment of which its effectiveness can be improved when combined with a specific antioxidant inhibitor.

Funder

National Science Centre, Poland

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference235 articles.

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