Integration of Geochemical Modeling, Multivariate Analysis, and Irrigation Indices for Assessing Groundwater Quality in the Al-Jawf Basin, Yemen

Author:

Al-Mashreki Mohammed Hezam1,Eid Mohamed Hamdy23ORCID,Saeed Omar14,Székács András4ORCID,Szűcs Péter2,Gad Mohamed5ORCID,Abukhadra Mostafa R.3ORCID,AlHammadi Ali A.67,Alrakhami Mohammed Saleh1,Alshabibi Mubarak Ali1,Elsayed Salah89ORCID,Khadr Mosaad1011ORCID,Farouk Mohamed12ORCID,Ramadan Hatem Saad13

Affiliation:

1. Renewable Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research and Extension Authority, Dhamar P.O. Box 87148, Yemen

2. Institute of Environmental Management, Faculty of Earth Science, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary

3. Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 65211, Egypt

4. Doctoral School of Environmental Science, The Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary

5. Hydrogeology, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya 32897, Egypt

6. Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates

7. Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates

8. Agricultural Engineering, Evaluation of Natural Resources Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Minufiya 32897, Egypt

9. New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq

10. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia

11. Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31734, Egypt

12. Agricultural Engineering, Surveying of Natural Resources in Environmental Systems Department, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menofia Governorate, Sadat City 32897, Egypt

13. Faculty of Earth Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt

Abstract

Water quality monitoring is crucial in managing water resources and ensuring their safety for human use and environmental health. In the Al-Jawf Basin, we conducted a study on the Quaternary aquifer, where various techniques were utilized to evaluate, simulate, and predict the groundwater quality (GWQ) for irrigation. These techniques include water quality indices (IWQIs), geochemical modeling, multivariate statistical analysis, geographic information systems (GIS), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). Physicochemical analysis was conducted on the collected groundwater samples to determine their composition. The results showed that the order of abundance of ions was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and SO42− > Cl− > HCO3− > NO3−. The assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation based on indices such as Irrigation water quality index (IWQI), sodium adsorption ratio(SAR), sodium percent (Na%), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), and residual sodium carbonate RSC, which revealed moderate-to-severe restrictions in some samples. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model was then used to predict the IWQIs with high accuracy during both the training and testing phases. Overall, these findings provide valuable information for decision-makers in water quality management and can aid in the sustainable development of water resources.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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