The Waste-to-Energy (WtE) Technology to Support Alternative Fuels for Agriculture in the Context of Effective Solid Waste Management in the Jabodetabek Area, Indonesia

Author:

Nanda Muhammad Achirul1ORCID,Sugandi Wahyu1,Wijayanto Arif Kurnia234ORCID,Imantho Harry5ORCID,Sutawijaya Arya5,Nelwan Leopold Oscar5,Budiastra I Wayan5,Seminar Kudang Boro5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia

2. Division of Environmental Analysis and Geospatial Modeling, Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Eco-tourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

3. Environmental Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

4. Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CeRES), Chiba University, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan

5. Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Abstract

Jabodetabek has been termed Indonesia’s most populous urban area, and it is predicted to generate around 9.069 million tons/year by 2023. On the other hand, this area has promising agricultural prospects and requires a great deal of energy. Tractors, generators, and other agricultural equipment are necessary to increase productivity. Therefore, it can potentially convert waste into energy as an effective alternative fuel for agriculture. This study looked at ways to recover the waste to energy (WtE) with various technologies (incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, landfilling, and anaerobic digestion). The assessment indicators focus on the type of waste, energy production efficiency, energy produced, technological readiness, capacity, byproducts, costs, air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution. Each WtE technology is assessed using a scale between 1 (worst) and 5 (best) on each performance indicator concerning related references. Based on the analysis, the anaerobic digester is the most attractive WtE technology to generate an alternative fuel for agriculture in the Jabodetabek area. This is an environmentally friendly and economical technology because the technology readiness level is relatively mature. Thus, this review will assist policymakers and implementing authorities in determining the potential of the right WtE technologies for effective alternative fuel generation for agriculture, particularly in the metropolitan region of Jabodetabek.

Funder

Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction

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