Use of Doehlert Matrix as a Tool for High-Throughput Screening of Organic Acids and Essential Oils on Miniaturized Pork Loins, Followed by Lab-Scale Validation That Confirmed Tested Compounds Do Not Show Synergistic Effects against Salmonella Typhimurium

Author:

Resendiz-Moctezuma Cristina1,Fonville Arianna P. L.1,Harsh Bailey N.2,Stasiewicz Matthew J.1ORCID,Miller Michael J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1302 W. Pennsylvania Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

2. Animal Sciences Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1503 Maryland Dr., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

Abstract

The many possible treatments and continuously changing consumer trends present a challenge when selecting antimicrobial interventions during pork processing. Thirty-five potential antimicrobials were screened at commercial working concentrations by individually adding them to miniaturized (69 cm3) disks of pork loin ends, followed by inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585. Two organic acids and nine essential oils significantly inhibited Salmonella counts on pork (p < 0.05). However, six compounds that represent different levels of significance (p < 0.05–p < 0.0001) were selected as independent variables to build a Response Surface Methodology model based on a Doehlert matrix (Doehlert Matrix—RSM): lactic acid 1.25%, formic acid 0.25%, cumin 0.25%, clove 0.25%, peppermint 0.5%, and spearmint 0.5%. The goal of the Doehlert Matrix—RSM was to study single and paired effects of these antimicrobials on the change in Salmonella over 24 h. The Doehlert Matrix—RSM model predicted that lactic acid, formic acid, cumin, peppermint, and spearmint significantly reduced Salmonella when added alone, while no significant interactions between these antimicrobials were found. A laboratory-scale validation was carried out on pork loin end slices, which confirmed the results predicted by the model. While this screening did not identify novel synergistic combinations, our approach to screening a variety of chemical compounds by implementing a miniaturized pork loin disk model allowed us to identify the most promising antimicrobial candidates to then formally design experiments to study potential interactions with other antimicrobials.

Funder

Meat and Poultry Research and Education Association

National Council for Science and Technology (CONAHCYT), Mexico

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Plant Science,Health Professions (miscellaneous),Health (social science),Microbiology,Food Science

Reference35 articles.

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