N2O Temporal Variability from the Middle Troposphere to the Middle Stratosphere Based on Airborne and Balloon-Borne Observations during the Period 1987–2018

Author:

Krysztofiak Gisèle1ORCID,Catoire Valéry1ORCID,Dudok de Wit Thierry12ORCID,Kinnison Douglas E.3,Ravishankara A. R.4,Brocchi Vanessa1,Atlas Elliot5ORCID,Bozem Heiko6ORCID,Commane Róisín7,D’Amato Francesco8ORCID,Daube Bruce9,Diskin Glenn S.10,Engel Andreas11,Friedl-Vallon Felix12,Hintsa Eric1314,Hurst Dale F.1516,Hoor Peter6ORCID,Jegou Fabrice1ORCID,Jucks Kenneth W.15,Kleinböhl Armin16,Küllmann Harry17,Kort Eric A.18,McKain Kathryn1314ORCID,Moore Fred L.1314,Obersteiner Florian12,Ramos Yenny Gonzalez1920ORCID,Schuck Tanja11ORCID,Toon Geoffrey C.16,Viciani Silvia8ORCID,Wetzel Gerald12ORCID,Williams Jonathan21,Wofsy Steven C.9

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace (LPC2E), Université Orléans—CNRS—CNES, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France

2. International Space Science Institute, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

3. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA

4. Department of Chemistry and Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

5. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA

6. Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Becherweg 21, 55128 Mainz, Germany

7. Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA

8. CNR—National Institute of Optics, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

9. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA

10. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA

11. Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

12. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany

13. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA

14. Global Monitoring Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305, USA

15. NASA, Earth Science Division, NASA HQ, Washington, DC 20546, USA

16. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

17. Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany

18. Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

19. CIMEL Electronique, 75011 Paris, France

20. Izaña Atmospheric Research Centre, 38001 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

21. Air Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the fourth most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and is considered the most important current source gas emission for global stratospheric ozone depletion (O3). It has natural and anthropogenic sources, mainly as an unintended by-product of food production activities. This work examines the identification and quantification of trends in the N2O concentration from the middle troposphere to the middle stratosphere (MTMS) by in situ and remote sensing observations. The temporal variability of N2O is addressed using a comprehensive dataset of in situ and remote sensing N2O concentrations based on aircraft and balloon measurements in the MTMS from 1987 to 2018. We determine N2O trends in the MTMS, based on observations. This consistent dataset was also used to study the N2O seasonal cycle to investigate the relationship between abundances and its emission sources through zonal means. The results show a long-term increase in global N2O concentration in the MTMS with an average of 0.89 ± 0.07 ppb/yr in the troposphere and 0.96 ± 0.15 ppb/yr in the stratosphere, consistent with 0.80 ppb/yr derived from ground-based measurements and 0.799 ± 0.024 ppb/yr ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer) satellite measurements.

Funder

PIVOTS project

German science foundation (DFG) SPP 1294

European Commission (EC), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Project STRATOCLIM

NASA

Le Studium of the Loire Valley, France

German Ministry for Education and Research

NASA’s Upper Atmospheric Composition Observations Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Environmental Science (miscellaneous)

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3. Jacob, D.J., Ravishankara, A.R., and Shine, K. (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

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