Analytical Evaluation of Laser Cleaning Effectiveness in the Context of Contemporary Muralism

Author:

Zhang Yezi12ORCID,Zenucchini Francesca3,Ricci Chiara3ORCID,Croveri Paola13ORCID,Scalarone Dominique1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy

2. University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy

3. Centro per la Conservazione ed il Restauro dei Beni Culturali “La Venaria Reale”, 10078 Venaria Reale, Italy

Abstract

Contemporary murals and street art play a critical role in urban culture, serving as platforms for social activism and reflecting the vibrancy of city life. This study within the SuperStaAr project framework examines the challenge of graffiti removal while safeguarding the original synthetic paint layers. Through a detailed investigation using Q-Switch and Long Q-Switch lasers (Nd:YAG), we evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laser cleaning techniques on both unaged and artificially aged mural mock-ups. The initial findings highlight the Q-Switch and Long Q-Switch lasers as promising for removing graffiti without compromising the paint integrity. Our assessment criteria—encompassing residue presence, surface roughness, color changes, cleaning effectiveness, and pigment pickup—were validated through empirical evaluation and supported by colorimetric, micro–ATR–FTIR, and Py–GC/MS analyses. Notably, the incorporation of a passive sampling system for Py–GC/MS analysis facilitates a deeper understanding of the ablated materials without direct sampling from the artwork. This research contributes a foundational framework for the evaluation of laser cleaning in mural conservation, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies to enhance the sustainability of urban art conservation efforts.

Funder

Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale—PRIN 2020—“Sustainable Preservation Strategies for Street Art—SuPerStAr”

Italian Ministero per l’Istruzione, l’Università e la Ricerca

Publisher

MDPI AG

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