Deformation Characteristics and Permeability Properties of Cap Rocks in Gas Storage of Depleted Reservoirs under Alternating Load

Abstract

Gas reservoirs have significant engineering characteristics of injection and extraction. The reservoir cap rock is subjected to cyclic alternating loading and has the potential risk of seal failure. Therefore, it is necessary to study the stress−percolation−damage mechanism of the reservoir cap rock in depleted gas reservoirs. The rock Mechanics Test System (MTS) was used to study the permeability characteristics of a typical mud shale cap layer under different loading and unloading rates, analyze the deformation characteristics and permeability performance evolution law of the rock under the confining pressure alternation, and study the effects of loading and unloading rate, confining pressure and number of cycles on the permeability of the cap rock. The test results show that with the increase in the number of cycles, the hysteresis loop moves in the direction of axial strain increase offset. The overall morphology is presented as an elongated type, and the damage of the specimen is small in the cyclic confining pressure; At the beginning of the cycling period, the permeability decreases with the increase in the confining pressure in the form of a negative exponential. At the later stage of the cycling period, the permeability basically stays unchanged, and is maintained at a low level; At low confining pressure, permeability also decreases in a negative exponential form with the increase in the number of confining pressure cycles; The greater the loading and unloading rate at the beginning of the cycle, the more the permeability decreases; There is a tendency of sealing improvement under cyclic loading in the gas storage of depleted reservoirs with mud shale as the cap layer. The results of the study can provide technical parameters for the evaluation of the cap sealing of gas storage of depleted reservoirs.