Perspectives and Progress in Bioethanol Processing and Social Economic Impacts

Author:

Yaverino-Gutiérrez Mario Alberto1ORCID,Wong Alán Yazid Chávez-Hita1,Ibarra-Muñoz Lizbeth Alejandra1,Chávez Ana Cristina Figueroa1ORCID,Sosa-Martínez Jazel Doménica1ORCID,Tagle-Pedroza Ana Sofia1,Hernández-Beltran Javier Ulises1,Sánchez-Muñoz Salvador2,Santos Julio César dos2ORCID,da Silva Silvio Silvério2ORCID,Balagurusamy Nagamani1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Bioremediation Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreón-Matamoros Highways km 7.5, Torreón 27276, Mexico

2. Bioprocesses and Sustainable Products Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo (EEL-USP), Lorena 12602-810, Brazil

Abstract

The liquid biofuel bioethanol is widely produced worldwide via fermenting sugars extracted from a variety of raw materials, including lignocellulose biomass, one of the world’s most abundant renewable resources. Due to its recalcitrant character, lignocellulose is usually pretreated by mechanical, chemical, and biological methods to maximize sugar recovery. Pretreated lignocellulose biomass undergoes a fermentation process performed sequentially or simultaneously to saccharification. The different fermentation strategies (e.g., separate or simultaneous hydrolysis and fermentation or co-fermentation) and conditions (e.g., inoculum type load, agitation, temperature, and pH) affect ethanol yield. Genetic modification of the inoculum has been focused recently to improve ethanol tolerance and as well as to use different sugars to enhance the performance of the microorganisms involved in fermentation. Nonetheless, these improvements result in a substantial increase in costs and have certain environmental costs. This review offers an overview of advancements in bioethanol production, with a primary focus on lignocellulosic feedstock, while also considering other feedstocks. Furthermore, it provides insights into the economic, social, and environmental impacts associated with bioethanol production.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

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