Numerical Modeling of Electron Beam Cold Hearth Melting for the Cold Hearth

Abstract

The electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) process is one of the key processes for titanium alloy production. The unique characteristic of this pyrometallurgy process is the application of the cold hearth, which is responsible for controlling the Low-Density Inclusions (LDIs) and High-Density Inclusions (HDIs) in the melt. As a key process of inclusion removal, the information such as melt residence time in the cold hearth is directly related to the control of metallurgical defects in the ingot, and may also affect the composition distribution of the ingot. In this paper, the details for the physical phenomena, namely the evolution of the pool, the evolution of the flow, and the evolution of the component in the cold hearth during EBCHM are investigated using a modified multi-physical numerical model. The effects of melting temperature and melting speed on these phenomena were investigated. The purpose is to provide more fundamental knowledge and to further enhance the applications of EBCHM for more titanium alloys.