Molecular Mechanisms and Current Treatment Options for Cancer Cachexia

Author:

Ahmad Syed SayeedORCID,Ahmad KhurshidORCID,Shaikh SibhghatullaORCID,You Hye JinORCID,Lee Eun-Young,Ali ShahidORCID,Lee Eun JuORCID,Choi Inho

Abstract

Cancer cachexia is a condition marked by functional, metabolic, and immunological dysfunctions associated with skeletal muscle (SM) atrophy, adipose tissue loss, fat reduction, systemic inflammation, and anorexia. Generally, the condition is caused by a variety of mediators produced by cancer cells and cells in tumor microenvironments. Myostatin and activin signaling, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, and JAK-STAT signaling are known to play roles in cachexia, and thus, these pathways are considered potential therapeutic targets. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia and the available therapeutic options and was undertaken to increase understanding of the various factors/pathways/mediators involved and to identify potential treatment options.

Funder

National Research Foundation of Korea

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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