Possible Explanations for Rising Melanoma Rates Despite Increased Sunscreen Use over the Past Several Decades

Author:

Lapides Rebecca12,Saravi Babak3ORCID,Mueller Alina4ORCID,Wang-Evers Michael2ORCID,Maul Lara Valeska456ORCID,Németh István7,Navarini Alexander4,Manstein Dieter2,Roider Elisabeth24

Affiliation:

1. The Robert Larner, M.D., College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA

2. Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA

3. Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany

4. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland

5. Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland

6. Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland

7. Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Szent-Györgyi Albert Medical School, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary

Abstract

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma continues to rise despite the increased use of sunscreens within the last several decades. Some research even suggests that the use of sunscreen is associated with increased rates of melanoma. Given the aggressive, and often deadly, nature of cutaneous melanoma, the aim of this communication is to better elucidate the relationship between sunscreen use and melanoma development and if there are other preventative measures to be aware of. A search was performed to identify the studies that have investigated melanoma development in individuals who used sunscreen and those who did not. Study limitations and possible confounding variables were identified, which guided a subsequent search to determine what data were available to support that these limitations and confounding variables may explain the perplexing association between sunscreen use and melanoma development. Five hypotheses were generated, which were related to increased awareness and reporting, the relationship between sunscreen use and the duration of sun exposure, the importance of broad-spectrum protection, and the effect of sunscreen on reactive oxygen species formation. The main conclusion is that more recent studies that control for confounding variables are required to determine the true effect of adequate broad-spectrum sunscreen use today on the development of melanoma.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

Reference69 articles.

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3. Pathak, S., and Zito, P.M. (2023). Clinical Guidelines for the Staging, Diagnosis, and Management of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, StatPearls Publishing.

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